How much down payment do you need to buy a house? (2024)

A down payment is the amount of cash a buyer pays for a home up front, with the remainder covered by their mortgage. If you're saving for a house, you've probably been told you need to have enough for a 20% down payment.

But the typical down payment hasn't been that high in decades.

Below, CNBC Select looks at where the 20% recommendation came from, how big your down payment really needs to be and more.

What we'll cover

  • Do you need to put 20% down?
  • How much do I need for a down payment?
  • How to save for a down payment?
  • FAQ
  • Bottom line

Do you need a 20% down payment?

No, depending on your loan and qualifications, it's possible to put much less down — or even nothing at all.

The 20% down payment rule emerged during the Great Depression, when nearly half of mortgages in urban areas were delinquent. Even as the economy recovered, many lenders still mandated 20% down in the 1950s and 1960s.

Read more: What is mortgage insurance?

The advent of private mortgage insurance in the late 1950s meant lenders could be protected if a borrower defaulted. In 1971, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board allowed savings and loans to approve conventional mortgages with as little as 5% down with PMI.

By 2005, the median down payment was only 13%, according to a Washington Post analysis of National Association of Realtors data.

If you do put down less than 20%, however, you will still likely be required to obtain PMI, which can cost 0.50% of your mortgage on average, and keep it until you have at least 20% equity in your house.

How much do I need for a down payment?

The size of your down payment depends on the type of loan you get, your mortgage lender and your financial situation. In January 2024, the median down payment was 14.2%, according to data from the real estate data analysis firm ATTOM.

Many buyers make a smaller down payment, especially first-time homebuyers who don't have equity. Qualified first-time buyers can put as little as 3.5% down with an FHA loan, for example.

It's also possible to buy a home with no money down — typically through an alternative lender, like a credit union, or with government-backed mortgages like USDA and VA loans.

To help homebuyers who don't have enough, government agencies and private lenders have down-payment assistance programs. Freddie Mac's DPA One guide includes hundreds that provide grants, low- and no-interest loans and other down-payment support all over the U.S.

Benefits of a smaller down payment

A smaller down payment will get you into your home quicker and leave you more money to cover repairs and insurance and to invest in other financial goals.

Ally Bank has a Fannie Mae-backed HomeReady loan that lets qualified borrowers put down as little as 3% on a fixed-rate mortgage with no lender's fee and an online preapproval process.You'll need at least a 620 credit score to be considered, however, and have an annual income that doesn't exceed 80% of the median income in your area.

Ally Home

Terms apply.

Chase Bank's DreaMaker loan also allows borrowers to make a 3% down payment, and you can earn a discount with a Chase checking or savings account. In some states, Chase will provide qualified applicants with a grant of up to $7,500 toward a down payment or closing costs.

Chase Bank

  • Annual Percentage Rate (APR)

    Apply online for personalized rates; fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages included

  • Types of loans

    Conventional loans, FHA loans, VA loans, DreaMaker℠ loans and Jumbo loans

  • Terms

    10 – 30 years

  • Credit needed

    620

  • Minimum down payment

    3% if moving forward with a DreaMaker℠ loan

  • Terms apply.

  • Offers first-time homebuyer assistance?

    Yes — click here for details

If you do make a smaller down payment, keep in mind you'll start out with less equity in your home.

Benefits of a larger down payment

Having more set aside for a down payment makes borrowers more attractive to mortgage lenders, so it can earn you a lower interest rate and fewer fees. If you have 20% available, you can likely avoid mortgage insurance.

A bigger down payment also means you'll own more equity in the home right away. If you expect to refinance your mortgage, you'll typically need 20% home equity.

How to save for a down payment

If you've set homebuying as a medium- to long-term goal, there are financial products that can grow your money faster so you can afford a healthy down payment (and have something set aside for closing costs and emergencies).

High-yield savings accounts (HYSAs) can earn more than 5% interest while still allowing you to make withdrawals if something unexpected happens.Western Alliance Bank's HYSA currently earns an APR of 5.32%, one of the highest CNBC Select has reviewed. You only need a dollar to open an account, and there's no minimum balance requirement or monthly fees.

Western Alliance Bank High-Yield Savings Account

Western Alliance Bank is a Member FDIC.

  • Annual Percentage Yield (APY)

    5.22% APY

  • Minimum balance

    $1 minimum deposit

  • Monthly fee

    None

  • Maximum transactions

    Up to 6 transactions each month

  • Excessive transactions fee

    The bank may charge fees for non-sufficient funds

  • Overdraft fee

    No overdraft fee

  • Offer checking account?

    No

  • Offer ATM card?

    No

Terms apply.

If you want extra incentives to save, a UFB Secure Savings account has them: It starts with an APY of up to 5.25% but, if you add aUFB Freedom checkingaccount, you can qualify for an additional 0.20%. You'll need to set up a monthly direct deposit of at least $5,000, maintain a minimum balance of $10,000 and make 10 debit card transactions per statement cycle. Unlike Western Alliance, a UFB account comes with an ATM card with unlimited withdrawals.

UFB Secure Savings

UFB Secure Savings is offered by Axos Bank ® , a Member FDIC.

  • Annual Percentage Yield (APY)

    Up to 5.25%APY on any savings balance; add a UFB Freedom Checking and meet checking account qualifications to get an additional up to0.20%APY on savings

  • Minimum balance

    $0, no minimum deposit or balance needed for savings

  • Fees

    No monthly maintenance or service fees

  • Overdraft fee

    Overdraft fees may be charged, according to the terms; overdraft protection available

  • ATM access

    Free ATM card with unlimited withdrawals

  • Maximum transactions

    6 per month; terms apply

  • Terms apply.

Read our UFB Secure Savings review.

FAQ

A down payment is the portion of the home price the borrower pays upfront.

If you want to avoid mortgage insurance by putting 20% down, your down payment should be $100,000. If you plan to put 8% down (the median for first-time homebuyers) it would be $40,000. If you're a first-time homebuyer with an FHA loan and a 3% down requirement, you would need $15,000.

Yes. Freddie Mac's DPA One guide lists more than 400 programs available throughout the country.

No, many buyers put less down. Between June 2022 and June 2023, the median down payment for first-time homebuyers was 8%, according to NAR. For repeat buyers, it was 19%.

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Bottom line

The 20% down payment rule hasn't been accurate for years. The median down payment for a first-time homebuyer has been less than 10% for nearly three decades — ultimately, how much you put down is up to you. There are benefits and risks to putting less down. Be sure you understand your finances and these risks before you buy.

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At CNBC Select, our mission is to provide our readers with high-quality service journalism and comprehensive consumer advice so they can make informed decisions with their money. Every article is based on rigorous reporting by our team of expert writers and editors with extensive knowledge of products. While CNBC Select earns a commission from affiliate partners on many offers and links, we create all our content without input from our commercial team or any outside third parties, and we pride ourselves on our journalistic standards and ethics.

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Read more

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Rocket Mortgage launches the new ONE+ program: Is the 1% down payment mortgage worth it?

What is homebuyer down payment assistance and how do you get it?

Editorial Note: Opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the Select editorial staff’s alone, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any third party.

How much down payment do you need to buy a house? (2024)

FAQs

Do you have to put a 20% down payment on a house? ›

While a 20 percent down payment is the traditional standard for purchasing a home, it is not mandatory and there are loan options that have much lower minimum requirements. Private mortgage insurance will likely be required with a down payment of less than 20 percent, which will add to your monthly payment.

What would be the minimum down payment on a house? ›

Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loan: With an FHA loan, you'll need at least a 3.5% down payment. To qualify for the minimum 3.5% FHA down payment, you need a credit score of 580 or higher. If your credit score is between 500 and 579, you'll put down at least 10%.

How much of a down payment do you need for a $300 000 house? ›

Most mortgage lenders favor a $60,000 down payment for a $300,000 home because the risk when the homebuyer defaults on the monthly mortgage payments is lower. Homebuyers also benefit from a 20% down payment. The first advantage is that the homebuyer does not need private mortgage insurance or PMI.

What is a realistic down payment for a house? ›

How Much Is The Average Down Payment On A House? The average first-time buyer pays about 6% of the home price for their down payment, while repeat buyers put down 17%, according to data from the National Association of REALTORS® in late 2022.

What credit score do I need to buy a house with no money down? ›

You'll usually need a credit score of at least 640 for the zero-down USDA loan program. VA loans with no money down usually require a minimum credit score of 580 to 620. Low-down-payment mortgages, including conforming loans and FHA loans, also require FICO scores of 580 to 620.

What if I don't have 20 down payments? ›

However, a smaller down payment means a more expensive mortgage over the long term. With less than 20 percent down on a house purchase, you will have a bigger loan and higher monthly payments. You'll likely also have to pay for mortgage insurance, which can be expensive.

How low is too low for a down payment? ›

Some lenders require a 5 percent minimum. Keep in mind, too, that to avoid PMI, you'll need to put down at least 20 percent. If you can't afford that high of a down payment, though, know you won't pay PMI forever. Once you reach 20 percent equity in your home, you can request that your lender remove PMI from your bill.

Is $3000 enough for a down payment on a house? ›

How little can a down payment be? “Well, $3,000 is not enough for a down payment on most houses,” says Jill Gonzalez, an analyst with WalletHub. “The lowest percentage of down payment required is 3.5% for an FHA loan.

Is $10000 enough for a down payment on a house? ›

It sure is. There are loan programs requiring as little as 3% down. Your choices are considerably broader with $100,000 available. $100,000 could conceivably get you into a home priced close to $1 million if you have enough income to qualify.

Can I afford a 300K house on a 70K salary? ›

If you make $70K a year, you can likely afford a new home between $290,000 and $310,000*. That translates to a monthly house payment between $2,000 and $2,500, which includes your monthly mortgage payment, taxes, and home insurance.

How much income do I need for a 200K mortgage? ›

So, by tripling the $15,600 annual total, you'll find that you'd need to earn at least $46,800 a year to afford the monthly payments on a $200,000 home. This estimate however, does not include the 20 percent down payment you would need: On a $200K home, that's $40,000 that needs to be paid in full, upfront.

How much income do I need for a $400,000 mortgage? ›

Assuming a 30-year fixed conventional mortgage and a 20 percent down payment of $80,000, with a high 6.88 percent interest rate, borrowers must earn a minimum of $105,864 each year to afford a home priced at $400,000. Based on these numbers, your monthly mortgage payment would be around $2,470.

How do people afford down payments? ›

Buyers manage the down payment in California the same way they do in other states where prices are lower: they save it, borrow it from their retirement account, or get a gift from a relative.

What is a typical home loan amount? ›

A loan amount is how much money you are borrowing upfront. However, your loan amount will also decrease over time on amortizing loans that have you paying some interest and some money toward the principal of your loan balance each month.

Is it better to put more money down on a house? ›

You can often secure better rates with a larger down payment, but you also need to understand how much you can afford. Paying too little for your down payment might cost more over time, while paying too much may drain your savings. A lender will look at your down payment and determine which mortgage is best.

Can I put 10 percent down on a house? ›

Yes, you can buy a house with 10% down or less in California. According to the National Association of Realtors, first-time buyers often pay an average of 6% as a down payment for a house or condo.

How to avoid 20% down payment on investment property? ›

Yes, it is possible to purchase an investment property without paying a 20% down payment. By exploring alternative financing options such as seller financing or utilizing lines of credit or home equity through cash-out refinancing or HELOCs, you can reduce or eliminate the need for a large upfront payment.

How much is a 20 down payment on a $350 000 house? ›

To make a 20% down payment on a property with a $350,000 mortgage, you would need $87,500. Many buyers make lower down payments, however. Some as low as 3%.

How much is a 20 percent down payment on a 500K house? ›

It's usually expressed as a percentage of the purchase price. So, if your mortgage requires that you put down, say, 3%, the down payment needed for a $500K house would be $500,000 x 3% = $15,000. And a 20% down payment would require $100,000 ($500,000 x 20% = $100,000).

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